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The method of joining two overlapping plates by drilling a hole and filling it with metal is called a plug weld. In this welding technique, a hole is created in one of the overlapping plates, and the weld metal is inserted into this hole to create a solid bond between the two layers. This is particularly effective for joining plates that need to be secured without extensive surface preparation or fitting.

Plug welding is often employed in structural applications where access to the weld area is limited, or when a flush surface finish is desirable. It provides a strong mechanical connection, especially in situations where the joint will experience lateral forces or shear stresses. The technique ensures that the weld penetrates through the top plate and into the base plate, creating a robust joint that can withstand various loads.

Understanding this technique is crucial for those working in fields like construction and manufacturing, as it is a common method for joining materials in those industries. The effectiveness of plug welding in creating a secure bond between overlapping steel sheets makes it a practical choice in many applications.